Do Sports Programs Prevent Crime and Reduce Reoffending? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Sports Programs

Abstract Objectives Sports programs are widely implemented as measures of crime prevention. In contrast to their popularity, there is little systematic knowledge about effectiveness. This review and meta-analysis have been carried out fill this gap. a review, we gathered data on evaluated prevention specifically designed prevent delinquency. We then conducted meta-analytic integration with studies using at least roughly equivalent control groups for the program evaluation. Method To retrieve relevant literature, comprehensive international literature search until June 2021 drawing scientific databases. also applied snow-balling searches contacted practitioners in field. Studies were eligible if they sports delinquency primary, secondary, and/or tertiary level. focused crime-related outcomes potentially underlying psycho-social factors. made no restrictions regarding characteristics participants or other aspects such duration program. Results 24 our from which only thirteen included into integration. found moderate effect participation ( d = 0.36, p < .001). Participants showed significant decrease aggressiveness anti-social behavior. analyzed psychological self-esteem mental well-being, significantly improved when participating 0.87, ..05). Conclusions seem be an effective measure However, future research needs more sound evaluation designs moderator analyses better understand functioning improve implementation programs.